Distributionally Constrained Visual Quality Measurement Using Unbalanced Optimal Transport: Wood-Chip Size Estimation for Manufacturing Process Monitoring
Under review at Decision Support Systems
Note:The repository is available; complete code and experimental results will be added after the corresponding manuscript is published.
Description: Conventional object detectors optimize individual detections but may fail to recover the physical size distribution needed for manufacturing quality decisions. UOT-DETR addresses this problem by adding an unbalanced optimal transport regularizer to DETR training, encouraging the predicted wood-chip population to preserve the reference size distribution while retaining the standard DETR inference process.
Outcome: UOT-DETR achieved an mAR50 of 95, an overall mAR50-95 of 72, and a small-object mAR50-95 of 42 on dense real-world wood-chip imagery. Across ten paired experimental seeds, it improved small-object mAR50 by 24.7 percentage points and small-object mAP50 by 15.4 percentage points over DETR, with the largest gains occurring in medium- and high-clutter scenes. The training-time regularizer introduces no inference-time overhead.
Project support: USDA-NIFA








